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Wolliver's avatar

Another key point of American slavery: it was not this "pick all the damn cotton or I'll whip you" despotism that people believe it was. It was a system; it had rules. Some people adhered to the rules more closely than others, but the violators were outliers and were charged as criminals if they mistreated slaves.

Slaves in antebellum America worked on a task-based system. This meant that you were given a certain task to perform as your workload for the day. Hang this tobacco, pick that many rows of cotton, fix the fences, etc. If you completed your task, you were done for the day. If you wanted, however, you could keep working and earn money for working overtime. With that money, you could do whatever you want with it. You could even accumulate enough capital to start a shop or learn a private trade. There were plenty of slaves who got side jobs as blacksmiths or other kinds of craftsmen, and they got to keep the money they made off those businesses. They could eventually even earn enough money to buy their freedom (this process is called manumission), and many did so.

Not all blacks who were freed before the Civil War were freed out of the kindness of ole massa's heart. They were freed because the offer was always on the table and they just needed to work towards it. Those who were intelligent and diligent enough to do so did so, and that's why there's a more favorable view of the antebellum freedmen "talented tenth" of the African-American population. This system was common in Anglo-Germanic colonial societies, and the system employed by the Dutch in the East Indies towards their Malay slaves was very similar. It all kind of goes back to the Germanic bondage "knechtschaft" system of ancient Germanic Europe which Tacitus wrote of. Slavery/bondage/servitude was more of a status of servanthood than outright chattel, although it evolved a little bit more in the chattel direction in America because of economic practices introduced by Latin powers like France, Spain, and Portugal.

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Wolliver's avatar

Also, bear in mind the significance of this quote:

"So, they seceded. They did not attack the Union. The Civil War only begins months after the secession, at Fort Sumter. And yes, the South did technically start the Civil War by attacking Fort Sumter, but it was only rational. The Union did not recognize the secessions and was clearly intent on re-integrating them into the Union."

Why did they attack Fort Sumpter? Because that was a federal base by which US ships could intercept maritime shipping coming to and from the second-largest port in the Confederacy. The purpose of that base was to stop Southern commercial vessels and force them to pay Union import-export duties. If you can't enforce maritime security and your citizens pay taxes to a foreign country, then you aren't a real independent country. The South had no choice but to attack Fort Sumpter, because if they just let it be then they would not be doing even the bare minimum that an independent country is supposed to do: protect its citizens and levy taxes.

Lincoln was honestly a genius for setting it up this way, by allowing them to secede but saying that he wouldn't evacuate federal strongholds and would continue to reinforce them. It's a brilliant move: force the secessionists to attack you and you get to enjoy the moral superiority of being the non-aggressor, even though you provoked them to attack in the first place. The Prussians masterminded a similarly brilliant maneuver to kickstart the Franco-Prussian War a few years later.

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